Breast implant surgery, while generally considered safe and effective for enhancing breast size and shape, carries potential risks like any surgical procedure. Some of the most common risks include capsular contracture, implant rupture, infection, and changes in breast sensation. It’s essential for individuals considering breast implants to understand these risks and discuss them with their surgeon to make an informed decision. In addition to physical risks, there are potential long-term considerations, such as the need for future surgeries to maintain or correct results.
Common Risks of Breast Implant Surgery
1. Capsular Contracture
This condition occurs when the scar tissue that naturally forms around the implant hardens and tightens, causing the breast to feel firm and potentially painful. In severe cases, capsular contracture can distort the appearance of the breast, requiring corrective surgery to remove or replace the implant.
2. Implant Rupture or Leakage
Both saline and silicone implants carry the risk of rupture. If a saline implant ruptures, the saline solution is harmlessly absorbed by the body, but the breast may deflate and require replacement surgery. Silicone implant ruptures may be less noticeable (a “silent rupture”) but can cause pain or changes in breast shape over time. MRI screenings are recommended for silicone implants to detect any ruptures.
3. Infection
Infection can occur at the incision site or around the implant and typically presents within a few days to weeks after surgery. Antibiotics can treat minor infections, but severe cases may require the removal of the implant to fully resolve the issue before a new implant can be placed.
4. Changes in Sensation
Some women experience temporary or permanent changes in nipple or breast sensation after surgery. This can include increased sensitivity, numbness, or loss of sensation, depending on how the nerves in the breast are affected during surgery.
5. Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL)
Though rare, a specific type of immune system cancer known as BIA-ALCL has been linked to certain types of textured breast implants. The FDA monitors this risk closely, and patients are advised to discuss implant options thoroughly with their surgeon to minimize any potential risks.
6. Implant Movement or Shifting
Over time, breast implants can shift from their original position, leading to an asymmetrical or uneven appearance. This movement may require corrective surgery to reposition the implants.
7. Scarring
Like any surgical procedure, breast implant surgery can result in scarring. The location and severity of scarring can vary, but surgeons typically place incisions in discreet locations to minimize visibility.
Long-Term Considerations
- Implant Longevity: Breast implants are not lifetime devices. Many women may need revision surgery to replace or remove implants after 10-20 years, either due to rupture, capsular contracture, or changes in personal aesthetic preferences.
- Regular Screenings: For silicone implants, it’s recommended that patients undergo regular MRI screenings to detect silent ruptures. These screenings can increase the overall cost of maintaining breast implants over time.
While breast implant surgery offers many aesthetic benefits, it’s crucial to weigh the risks and long-term considerations. Consulting with a board-certified plastic surgeon can help mitigate potential complications, and patients should ensure they fully understand both the surgical procedure and post-operative care to achieve the best possible results.
